b488de8a09
Each worksheet now includes Ringkasan Materi, Template A.x, 3 exercises with example answers, and reflection prompts. Synced from rti-20252 student repo.
177 lines
6 KiB
Markdown
177 lines
6 KiB
Markdown
# WS-15: Scientific Writing
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> **Bab 15 — Penulisan Ilmiah**
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---
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## Ringkasan Materi
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### Scientific Argument Flow
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```
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Problem → Gap → RQ → Method → Result → Analysis → Conclusion → Contribution
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```
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Paper ilmiah adalah **satu argumen utuh** dari masalah ke kontribusi. Setiap node harus terhubung logis ke node sebelum dan sesudahnya.
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### Struktur IMRAD
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| Section | Peran | Pertanyaan Kunci |
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|---------|-------|-----------------|
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| **Introduction** | Motivasi + frame | Why is this needed? |
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| **Method** | Deskripsi (reproducible) | How was it done? |
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| **Results** | Laporan objektif | What was found? |
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| **Discussion** | Interpretasi + refleksi | What does it mean? |
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| **Conclusion** | Ringkasan + kontribusi | So what? |
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### Logical Flow — "Red Thread"
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Setiap paragraf menjawab satu pertanyaan dan memicu pertanyaan berikutnya. Alur logis ini harus terasa di tiga level:
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1. **Antar-kalimat** dalam paragraf
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2. **Antar-paragraf** dalam section
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3. **Antar-section** dalam paper
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### Internal Consistency
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Setiap elemen yang dijanjikan di Introduction harus hadir di Discussion/Conclusion.
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**Consistency Matrix:**
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```
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Intro Method Result Discuss Conclude
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RQ1 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
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RQ2 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ← ✓
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Metrik-X ✗ ✗ ✓ ← ✗ ✗
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```
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**Masalah:** RQ2 dibahas di semua bagian kecuali Discussion. Metrik-X muncul di Result tapi tidak diperkenalkan di Method.
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### Writing Quality Triad
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| Kualitas | Deskripsi | Contoh Buruk → Baik |
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|----------|----------|---------------------|
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| **Clarity** | Dipahami sekali baca | "Performa meningkat" → "Accuracy meningkat dari 85.3% ke 89.7%" |
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| **Precision** | Istilah eksak, tanpa ambiguitas | "signifikan" → "signifikan secara statistik (p=0.003, d=1.2)" |
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| **Conciseness** | Setiap kata menambah informasi | Hapus kalimat redundan, filler words |
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### Urutan Penulisan yang Disarankan
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1. **Method & Results** — paling stabil, tulis pertama
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2. **Discussion** — interpretasi berdasarkan hasil
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3. **Introduction** — frame sesuai temuan aktual
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4. **Abstract & Conclusion** — terakhir
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### Target Jumlah Kata
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| Section | Target |
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|---------|--------|
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| Introduction | 500–700 |
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| Related Work | 700–1000 |
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| Method | 800–1200 |
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| Results | 500–800 |
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| Discussion | 600–900 |
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| Conclusion | 200–400 |
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### Jebakan Kognitif
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1. "Lebih panjang = lebih lengkap" → conciseness lebih berharga
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2. "Introduction harus ditulis pertama" → justru ditulis terakhir
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3. "Jargon teknis = lebih ilmiah" → clarity lebih penting
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4. "Discussion = ringkasan Results" → Discussion = interpretasi + konteks
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---
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## Template A.15 — Paper Structure Checklist
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```
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PAPER STRUCTURE CHECKLIST
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Title : ____________________
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Target : [ ] Jurnal [ ] Konferensi [ ] Laporan
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Section Check:
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[ ] Abstract — masalah, metode, hasil utama, kontribusi (max 250 kata)
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[ ] Introduction — konteks → gap → RQ → kontribusi → struktur paper
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[ ] Related Work — concept-centric, gap positioning
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[ ] Method — reproducible: desain, variabel, metrik, setup, prosedur
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[ ] Results — tabel + grafik + observasi (tanpa interpretasi)
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[ ] Discussion — interpretasi, perbandingan, implikasi, limitation
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[ ] Conclusion — jawaban RQ, kontribusi, future work
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Consistency Matrix:
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[ ] RQ di Introduction = RQ di Method = RQ di Conclusion
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[ ] Variabel di Method = variabel di Results
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[ ] Klaim di Discussion didukung data di Results
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[ ] Limitasi di Discussion di-address di Conclusion/Future Work
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Writing Quality:
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[ ] Clarity — mudah dipahami tanpa re-read
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[ ] Precision — tidak ada istilah ambigu
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[ ] Conciseness — tidak ada kalimat redundan
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```
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---
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## Latihan 1 — Paper Outline
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Buat outline paper untuk riset Anda menggunakan struktur IMRAD.
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| Section | Konten Utama (2-3 kalimat) | Target Kata |
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|---------|---------------------------|------------|
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| Abstract | *Contoh: Sistem rekomendasi memiliki akurasi tinggi tapi satisfaction rendah. Studi ini menguji CF+context signal. Hasil: satisfaction naik 38% tanpa penurunan RMSE signifikan.* | 200-250 |
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| Introduction | *Contoh: Konteks: gap antara akurasi dan kepuasan pengguna. Gap: tidak ada studi yang mengkombinasikan CF+context. RQ: apakah CF+context meningkatkan satisfaction?* | 500-700 |
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| Related Work | | 700-1000 |
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| Method | | 800-1200 |
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| Results | | 500-800 |
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| Discussion | | 600-900 |
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| Conclusion | | 200-400 |
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---
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## Latihan 2 — Consistency Matrix
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Buat consistency matrix untuk memverifikasi internal consistency paper Anda.
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| | Intro | Method | Result | Discussion | Conclusion |
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|--|-------|--------|--------|-----------|-----------|
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| *Contoh: RQ1* | *✓* | *✓* | *✓* | *✓* | *✓* |
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| *Contoh: Metrik-X* | *✗ ←* | *✗ ←* | *✓* | *✗ ←* | *✗ ←* |
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| RQ1 | | | | | |
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| RQ2 | | | | | |
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| Metrik utama | | | | | |
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| Variabel IV | | | | | |
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| Variabel DV | | | | | |
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| Klaim/kontribusi | | | | | |
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**Isi setiap sel:** ✓ (ada & konsisten), ✗ (missing), ~ (ada tapi inkonsisten)
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**Inkonsistensi yang ditemukan:**
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> ___________________________________________________
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**Tindakan perbaikan:**
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> ___________________________________________________
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---
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## Latihan 3 — Writing Quality Check
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Ambil satu paragraf dari tulisan Anda (atau tulis paragraf baru) dan evaluasi kualitasnya.
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**Paragraf asli:**
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> (tempel paragraf Anda di sini)
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| Kriteria | Evaluasi | Perbaikan |
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|----------|---------|-----------|
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| Clarity | *Contoh: kalimat ke-3 ambigu — "performa" bisa berarti accuracy atau speed* | *Ubah menjadi: "accuracy meningkat..."* |
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| Precision | | |
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| Conciseness | | |
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**Paragraf setelah perbaikan:**
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> (tulis paragraf yang sudah diperbaiki)
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---
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## Refleksi
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> Apa perbedaan antara menulis "tentang" riset dan menulis sebagai "argumen" riset? Bagaimana urutan penulisan (Method → Discussion → Introduction) mengubah kualitas tulisan?
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> ___________________________________________________
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> ___________________________________________________
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